Nama : Xsa Nency Ellicia
NPM: 26209711
Kelas : 3EB13
In
776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to
honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the
need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create
competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of
youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing,
boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the
winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly
honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung
about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship,
and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They
also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities
represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time
in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest
coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were
dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes brought shame not only to
themselves, but also to the cities they represented.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
a.
Winners placed olive wreaths on their own heads.
b.
The games were held in Greece every four years.
c.
Battles were interrupted to participate in the games.
d.
Poem glorified the winners in song.
Answer: kalimat yang tidak benar adalah C. Battles were interrupted to
participate in the games. Karena dalam paragraph dijelaskan “The contest
coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the
part of the participants to please the gods.”
2. The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in
meaning to…
a.
Aristocracy c. intellectuals
b.
Brave d. muscular
Answer: Jawaban
yang tepat adalah A. Aristocracy. Arti dari “elite” adalah golongan
atas atau golongan , masyarakat elit dan Aristocracy berarti bangsawan.
3. Why were the Olympic Games held?
a.
To stop
wars c. To crown the best athletes
b.
To honor
Zeus d. To sing songs about the athletes
Answer: jawaban
yang tepat adalah B. To honor Zeus. Pada kalimat pertama
dijelaskan bahwa “In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of
Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.”
4. Approximately how many years ago did
these games originate?
a.
800
years
b. 1,200
years
c. 2,300 years
d. 2,800 years
Answer: D. 2800
years. Dalam paragraph di atas dikatakan bahwa Olympic Games pertama kali
ada ada tahun 776 B.C (776 sebelum masehi) saat ini tahun 2012 maka Olympic
games terjadi sejak 2012 + 776 = 2788 ~ 2800 tahun yang lalu.
5. What conclusion can we draw about the
ancient Greeks?
a.
They were pacifists.
b.
They believed athletic events were important
c.
They were very simple
d.
They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates
Answer: jawaban
yang tepat adalah B. They believed athletic events were important. Di
kalimat pertama pada paragrad ke dua dijelaskan bahwa “The Greeks attached so
much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles
called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
6. What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Physical fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks
b. The Greeks severely punished those who did not participate in physical fitness
programs
c. The Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games
d. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could
go back to war when the games were over.
Answer: D. The
Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so that they could go
back to war when the games were over. Terdapat pada paragraph kedua di
kalimat kedua.
7. In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest
in meaning to...
a. Accomplishments
b. Ancestors
c. Documents
d. Property
Answer: A. Accomplishments. Makna dari “deeds” adalah
tindakan atau perbuatan. Yang dalam kalimat tersebut dapat juga diartikan
dengan Accomplishments yang secara harfiah berarti penyelesaian, prestasi, atau
kemahiran.
8. Which of the following was ultimately
required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
a. They must have completed military service
b. They had to attend special training sessions
c. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
d. They had to be very religious
Answer: C. They
had to be Greek males with no criminal record. Dijelaskan pada kalimat
ketiga pada paragraph pertama yaitu “but later the games were open to all free
Greek males who had no criminal record.”
9. The word “halted” in line 16 means most
nearly the same as ..
a.
Encourages
b.
Started
c.
Curtailed
d.
Fixed
Answer: C.
Curtailed. Makna dari “halted” adalah berhenti sebentar yang dalam kalimat
diatas dapat juga berarti Curtailed yang memiliki makna membatasi atau
mengurangi.
10. What is an “Olympiad”?
a.
The time it took to finish the games
b.
The time between games
c.
The it took to finish a war
d.
The time it took the athletes to train
Answer: B. The
time between games. Dijelaskan dalam kalimat “the games that they
calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
STYLISTIC PROBLEMS
1. The defendant refused to answer the
prosecutor’s questions ____________
a.
Because he was afraid it would incriminate him.
b.
For fear that they will incriminate him
c.
Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him
d.
Fearing that he will be incriminated by it
Answer: C.
Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him. Di soal
diketahui bahwa “questions” adalah bentuk jamak. Maka jawaban C adalah yang
tepat karena “that his answers” juga berbentuk jamak.
2. Mrs. Walker has returned_______________
a.
A wallet back to its original owner
b.
To its original owner the wallet
c.
The wallet to its originally owner
d.
The wallet to its original owner
Answer: D. The
wallet to its original owner. Kata “return” diikuti dengan kata “to” dan
owner diikuti dengan adverb. Dalam hal ini jawaban D.
3. The hospital owes____________ for
the construction of the new wing.
a.
The government twenty million dollars
b.
For the government twenty million dollars
c.
To the government twenty million dollars
d.
Twenty million of dollars to the government
Answer: A. The
government twenty million dollars. Pada dasarnya struktur dari kalimat
tersebut setelah verb lalu dilanjutkan dengan objek. Maka jawaban A adalah yang
paling tepat.
4. Sarah ____________ that she could not
attend classes next week.
a.
Told to her professors
b.
Said her professors
c.
Told her professors
d.
Is telling her professors
Answer: C. Told
her professors. Susunan yang benar adalah tidak menggunakan “to” maka
jawaban yang tepat adalah C.
5. The artist was asked to show some
paintings at the contest because__________
a.
He painted very good
b.
They believed he painted well
c.
Of their belief that he was an good artist
d.
The judges had been told of his talents
Answer: B. They
believed he painted well. Dari keempat jawaban yang disediakan yang paling
tepat susunannya adalah jawaban B karena setelah verb (painted) dibutuhkan
adverb (well) bukan adjective.
6. If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped,
A B C
ticketed, and have to pay a fine.
D
Answer: If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped, ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.
Analisis : karena
"stopped" dan "ticketed" adalah pasif, maka "have to
pay a fine" juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.
7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up
last night
A
B
because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
C
D
Answer : Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsal, did not
show up last night because he had an accident on his way to the practice.
Analisis:
dalam kalimat tersebut tidak dibutuhkan huruf "s" pada kata
rehearseal karena bukan verb dari kata "the choir".
8. A short time before her operation last month, Mrs.
Carlyle dreams of her daughter
A B
C
who lives overseas.
D
Answer: A short time before her operation last month, Mrs.
Carlyle dreamed of her daughter who lives overseas.
Analisis: kalimat tersebut dimaksudkan bentuk lampau. dijelaskan pada
kata "last month" maka "dreams" seharusnya juga dalam bentuk
lampau.
9. The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a
welcome feeling to all
A
B
who have the good fortune to visit there.
C D
Answer: The atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives
a welcome feeling to all that
have the good fortune to visit there.
Analisis: kata that digunakan untuk menjelaskan "the
atmosphere"
10. Some of the people were standing in the street watched
the parade,
A
B
C
while others were singing songs.
D
Answer: Some of
the people were standing in the street watching the parade,
while others were singing songs.
Analisis:
karena kalimiat ini past pasrticiple maka kata kerjanya menggunakan verb-ing. dan kalimat di atas sebenarnya juga merupakan penggabungan dua kalimat.
